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The Buchenwald concentration camp was established in 1937, 10 kilometers from Weimar. The prisoners of the camp were Jews, political prisoners, religious prisoners and prisoners of war. They came from Russia, Poland, France, Germany, Austria and other countries. The American army came to Buchenwald on 11 April 1945. In the days before, thousands of the prisoners were forced to join the evacuation marches. ==Causes of death in Buchenwald== One cause of the deaths in the concentration camp Buchenwald was illness due to the harsh conditions in the camp. Furthermore, many were murdered. The two primary methods of execution were shooting in the back of the head or hanging. The SS accounts of prisoners coming to and leaving the camp provide one source for the estimate of the number of deaths in Buchenwald. These numbers were divided into three categories: releases, transfers and deaths. According to this material, 33,462 died in Buchenwald. There are flaws, however, in these accounts. For example, people executed before 1944 were listed as ”transferred to Gestapo”. Newly arrived prisoners who were sent for immediate execution were not listed in the camp register. From 1941 mass killings of Soviet prisoners of war went unrecorded.〔Walter Bartel: "Buchenwald : Mahnung und Verpflichtung : Dokumente und Berichte", published 1960.〕 One former prisoner of Buchenwald, Armin Walter, made a calculation of the number of executions by shooting in the back of the head. While incarcerated he was instructed to set up and maintain a radio installation in the facility where the executions took place. He counted the numbers, which came via telex, and hid this information. He says that 8,483 Soviet prisoners of war were shot in this manner.〔 In "Buchenwald : Mahnung und Verpflichtung : Dokumente und Berichte" by Walter Bartel the number of deaths in Buchenwald is estimated at 56,545.〔(Podcast with one of 2,000 Danish policemen in Buchenwald. ) Episode 6 is about statistics for the number of deaths in Buchenwald.〕 This number is the sum of: *The number of deaths according to material left behind by SS: 33,462.〔In this number are included dead in the satellite commands with the exception of women.〕 *Executions by shooting: 8,483. *Executions by hanging (estimate): 1,100. *Deaths during evacuation transports: 13,500.〔According to Bartel somewhere between 12,000 and 15,000 prisoners died on the evacuation transports in March and April 1945.〕 This total (56,545) corresponds to a death rate of 24 percent assuming that the number of persons passing through the camp according to documents left by the SS, 238,979 prisoners, is accurate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Number of deaths in Buchenwald」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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